Renault Vehicle Industries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Renault Vehicle Industries - Essay Example Spryness in the hierarchical procedure in reacting to showcase requests must be accomplished through authoritative structures, which are all around coordinated, less bureaucratic and all things considered adjusted towards accomplishing the authoritative destinations (Thomson and Strickland 2003).  The contextual investigation examinations the current issues being looked by Renault Vehicles Industries, (RVI) the French Auto maker with respect to hierarchical structure and culture. The examination will consider the current status of the association and distinguish the difficult zones being experienced at Renault. The knowledge picked up from the examination will help in clarifying the past foundation and how the organization has created to its present stage just as what the future may hold if the association continues without intercessions. Ultimately, the investigation will likewise give proposals and suggestions to intercession and make change at Renault to prevail in the ever-serious field of car industry.  Renault Vehicle Industries, at first settled in 1915 as Berlite was nationalized in 1915 and name changed to Renault in 1978. The organization predominantly centers around the assembling of substantial merchandise and transport vehicles and transports. The company’s yearly turnover levels are in the scope of 25,000 million francs and across Europe, the organization holds about 10% of piece of the overall industry for substantial merchandise and Transport vehicle portion. Renault transports and mentors hold over half of the piece of the overall industry in France. The organization is positioned third on the planet showcase for overwhelming products and transport vehicle advertise. The Venissieux site houses two creation offices, which produce transports and mentors. Minimal more than 5,000 individuals are utilized at the Renault industrial facilities and 60% of the workforce is shop floor laborers.

Unit 3 P3 Health and Social Care Essay Example

Unit 3 P3: Health and Social Care Essay A hazard evaluation is an arrangement set up to diminish the danger of mischief happening, it means to recognize potential dangers to the wellbeing, wellbeing or security of a consideration expert. Hazard evaluations must be held under the wellbeing and security at work act and Management of Health and Safety Regulations 1999. It is a legitimate record and if not completed consideration associations can confront indictment. The HSE (wellbeing and security official) can demand chance evaluations whenever to ensure they are being done and are up to norm and are being held out accurately. It is an assessment of the work place searching for potential dangers in spite of the fact that it is the businesses duty, it is consistently network based work, all representatives must be aware of the peril, comprehend the dangers related with them and must have the option to report any wellbeing and security concerns they may have. The hazard evaluation is comprised of five phases, right off the bat you ought to distinguish any dangers that are a hazard to wellbeing this could be anything from the hardware used to the working conditions. At that point you should consider the individuals who could be hurt by the risk and how. You at that point must assess the hazard and choose whether the safety measures as of now set up are sufficient or whether more ought to be never really hurt. You should then record your discoveries and incorporate a definite game plan that you are going to take lastly audit your appraisal and reconsider if essential. We will compose a custom exposition test on Unit 3 P3: Health and Social Care explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Unit 3 P3: Health and Social Care explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Unit 3 P3: Health and Social Care explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Another piece of the hazard evaluation is deciding the probability and seriousness of the danger. This is on a size of 1 to 5 for probability 1 importance it isn't probably going to occur up to 5 being probably going to occur. For seriousness 1.could be a mortar may must be administrated 2. Stiches being applied 3. A wrecked arm or a mishap which may take half a month to mend from 4. A messed up leg or genuine injury that after some time will recuperate and 5. A lasting inability or passing.

“Brown girl, brownstones” by Paule Marshall Essay

Plot outline The exposition fiction Brown young lady, brownstones by Paule Marshall, is a bildungsroman with personal components, following the life and encounters of the fundamental hero, Selina Boyce and the loved ones throughout her life. Marshall utilizes different components and methods in the exposition, to realize various subjects, qualities and perspectives in her novel. The content is set for the most part in the 1930’s Brooklyn, New York, at a network of brownstone houses involved by the Bajan outsiders. Despite the fact that there are different viewpoints of different personas in the composition, Marshall utilizes a third individual story to show the main individual point of view of Selina. The story starts with Selina at ten years of age and proceeds until she is not, at this point a minor. It shows the subject of way of life as Selina is attempting to discover who she is among individuals in her family. â€Å"But they have taken no photographs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  was one of the fir st run through Selina’s forlornness can be found in the content. She is desirous of the reality her folks took photos of the family before the passing of her baby sibling, yet took no tokens of hers. At that point it goes on to where Marshall is an unmistakable storyteller, utilizing a true to life impact in her narrating. The scenes move ceaselessly to recommend synchronous activity which creates a sensational impact that assists with building strife and tension. She additionally utilizes gadgets and word usage to realize different topics and emblematic components in her content. She utilizes the procedure of epigraph to begin every section, it is a kind of portending, implying of what will occur all through the part. It likewise assists with describing people in the story. Complexity is additionally a reoccurring method in the content, as characters, for example, Silla and Deighton, Ina and Selina, have opposing characters. There is likewise inconsistency in the images and expression in the content. Words, for example, ‘winter’ and ‘Sun’, ‘darkness’ and ‘light’, are conflicting images alluding to the attributes of people, for example, Selina’s guardians in the content. The essayist includes the utilization of the Bajan vernacular just as English, as though attempting to consolidate the peruser in the way of life of Barbados and furthermore add believability and authenticity to the story. It proposes pride in the Bajan culture. The creator utilizes different allegorical gadgets in the content. There is an overwhelming spotlight on the utilization of representation and engineering symbolism. Imagery is clear in the writing; utilizing hues, for example, red to speak to sentiment and sexual connections; and white, andâ brownstones to speak to upward portability, status and unreachable objectives. Land in the content is additionally representative of autonomy and opportunity. The utilization of contention, for example, mother-little girl, spouse wife, dark white, is brought out by the images and clashing components in the composition. It shows the demolition seeing someone, and highlights climatic minutes, for example, when Deighton, utilized the cash Silla took from him, or when Silena told the entire Bajan affiliation, she’d deceived them. Marshall utilizes gadgets, for example, symbolism, epigraph, theme, foretelling, terrible false notion and scriptural suggestion, to show bigotry, personality, ladies in the public eye, family, misleading, and different subjects in the composition fiction. The end result, starts with Silena perceiving what her identity is and settling on ultimate conclusions for herself. After the entirety of her preliminaries and lost connections, she at last covers her personality, tolerating who she has become, the preliminaries she is yet to confront and the individuals in her past who has made her who she is today. Particularly her mom, whom she had consistently battled against. Reasonable The life of Deighton Boyce, was the subject picked for the sonnet between many view Deighton as an issue in the content Brown young lady, brownstones, giving him no compassion. The sonnet was proposed to pass on compassion toward Deighton. His life in the sonnet is explicitly captivating just as he causes numerous movements in attributes of others in the content, his own life isn't stressed. The sonnet will ideally give a clarification of the conditions encompassing the issues of Deighton passing, and his life. Ridiculing Jay I saw a tune flying creature battle a feathered creature of prey, Excellent revolting, he was, loaded up with distress, was she. Night and day, He sang a tune of affection and marvel, She sang back of vicis and loot, I attempted to spare that ridiculing Jay, In any case, the night took him away. Where are you my deriding Jay? Caught in the tomb of earthy colored stones? Your young are calling, where right? Won’t you battle the snow away? Don’t you hear the light’s groans? Has she caught him as well? No longer roosted on your window silla They’ve took away your freedom You’ve obliterated their jail The group shouts their Bajan chat Fly away home my deriding Jay Swim home my tune fledgling Yet, ridiculing Jay’s never dive†¦ I’ll send another light your way†¦ For you to see through winter’s clock†¦ To spare your flock†¦ To dazzle your eyes†¦ Furthermore, spare you from the dark†¦ Broken tunes of my wrecked tune flying creature Recollect your petitions Tribute. The tragic broken memory. The existence you fled. Dead like marrow recoloring the black-top. Recoloring corals an ocean away. Melodies long dead, I’ll sing them to you. I’ll implore your discolored soul away. Deighton, my deriding Jay. Examination The sonnet â€Å"mocking Jay†, is a sort of stanzaic funeral poem, in tribute to a character in the writing content â€Å"Brown young lady, Brownstones†. The artist utilizes the mirroring flying creature, deriding jay, to speak to the character Deighton in the writing content. Not exclusively do deriding jays have a blessing in music, which was one of the expert classifications Deighton endeavored, however they rehash everything sung to them in a ridiculing way. Deighton, similar to these winged animals, mirrors a taunting rendition of the negatives encompass him; from utilizing the cash his better half took from him, to buy trivial blessings to demonstrate hatred for her; to changing his course of study each time he is gone up against with bigotry or obstructions. Deighton alsoâ has the fantasy like (strange), and carefree credits regular to these feathered creatures. The sonnet contains four sestets, a couplet a solitary line and a septet. The refrain arrangement, is very emblematic. The primary refrain is the first of the four sestets. Toward the finish of each sentence in this sestet is a comma. This speaks to the way this moderately charming part in his life isn't yet finished, it won’t end in a ‘happy ever after’. It is as though to state that the start of their relationship was an incomplete dream. The subsequent sestet finishes in an inquiry inside, as though scrutinizing the relationship, not understanding the adjustment in the relationship and in Silla. The third sestet closes without accentuation is agent to all the occasions Deighton and the crowd were holding on to see Silla’s reaction to sightings conduct. The last sestet finishes up with â€Å"structured-chaotic† accentuation, of when Silla’s vengeance unfurls it was confused in the conditions of expulsion, yet organized in that it was her arrangement from the start. Consolidating with the absence of accentuation, t he couplet of verse five connotes his endless agony. It represents that, as the absence of accentuation keeps the sentence from genuinely being finished, his torment and enduring won't end even in existence in the wake of death. The single line comprises of single word â€Å"Eulogy†, this alludes to the discourse given at a memorial service or a memory of the past doings of a person after he is dead. This word being the briefest refrain, speaks to the absence of value and memorabilia Deighton has deserted with his youngsters. The last verse a sestet can be attached to the scriptural portrayal of the day God rested. The number seven speaks to the change that happens after a practiced cycle. Deighton, accessories everything he could so the last verse speaks to his demise the last rest he achieved after his life cycle. The sonnet has a consistent rhythms. In spite of the fact that not all verses have an organized rhyme plot, the sonnet despite everything streams as though it does. It resembles the consistent yet strange progression of life, similarly as the sonnet is a portrayal of Dighton’s life as was spoken to in the composition fiction. The main refrain contains a lot of rhyming couplets, rehashing the principal rhyme in the last verse (a â€Å"a, a b, b an, a† design). The last rhyme anyway is a constrained rhyme, this is there to show that leaving the ubiquity was not something the Jay needed, however was what was constrained on him. The subsequent verse comprises of substitute rhymes that stress the scrutinizing in this refrain, he is running exchange situations in his psyche with respect to why the spouse who used to adore him despises him soâ much now. The fourth sestet has the last rhyme, â€Å"clock† and â€Å"flock†. This represents the time he has left with his kids is constrained as his passing is approaching. The remainder of the sonnet is rhyming going corresponding to the pores fiction as clarifications are uncovered in the story, the disarray and rhyming stops. The sonnet starts with the ubiquitous storyteller giving a visual symbolism of the gathering between two repudiating winged creatures. The â€Å"song bird† speaks to something upbeat, uninvolved and quiet, while â€Å"bird of prey† speaks to somethin g wily, commanding and warlike. The story proceeds with oxymoronic upset language structures of line two, that assists with underlining that the animals have negating personas and that their association would never last as it depended on disarray. Similarly as in the writing fiction, Silla figured she could transform Deighton into somebody he wasn’t, and fizzled. The lingual authority utilized in the principal verse, for example, â€Å"vicis†, â€Å"Jay† and â€Å"Night†, help in showing the topic of contention seeing someone. ‘Vicis’ is the Latin word for change, in reference to the

Important GRE Essay Topics to Use in Your Writing Sample

Important GRE Essay Topics to Use in Your Writing SampleIf you are a high school student who is interested in taking the GRE exam, then the first thing that you will need to do is figure out what GRE essay topics are the most important. It's difficult for any student to determine the best GRE essay topics that they should include in their exam since there are hundreds of topics on the GRE. That's why it's important for all students to work with a GRE sample application that contains the best topics that the applicants are most likely to find interesting.One of the best places to look for great GRE essay topics that will show your ability to write concisely and effectively is online. This type of essay sample application will contain an essay editor that can find the best topics that are sure to make the reader want to continue reading your entire essay. This feature can save a lot of time by allowing you to focus on other important things. You may also find that the editors have a lo ok at every single word that you use in your essay.Another good way to find the best topics is to ask a classmate or teacher that you trust to read through your whole essay. While it's impossible to ensure that they will make all of the same recommendations that you do, you'll get a better idea of the topics that you should write about. They'll be able to provide you with some ideas on which topics might interest them. They may also help you make sure that you use the appropriate word order and punctuation in your essay.Sometimes, the simplest ideas can be the best essays. That's why it's so important for students to research as much as possible about the topic that they will be writing about. Many different topics exist for the GRE exam, and many different types of individuals are likely to read the paper. It's often helpful to read as much as you can about the topic before the test date.Writing about topics that you are interested in is always beneficial, even if it doesn't make i t into your final paper. Your objective is to provide your reader with information that will help them figure out how to do well on the test. If you focus on a topic that you're interested in, you're more likely to write an essay that uses words that are very easy to read.These types of writing samples have been used by many students who were eager to give their brains the experience of exploring such topics. The goal of using such an application is to provide students with a quick look at the different topics that are likely to be on the test. This can help students get a feel for what topics they will need to include in their essays.You can find these types of applications online by using keywords related to the topics that you are interested in. In addition, you'll be able to find applications that have questions that are more in depth. These are often designed to test students who are looking for a better grasp of the topics that they should focus on.

Cecily Neville, Duchess of York Mother of Kings

Cecily Neville was the great-granddaughter of one king, Edward III of England (and his wife Philippa of Hainault); the wife of a would-be king, Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York; and the mother of two kings: Edward IV and Richard III, Through Elizabeth of York, she was the great-grandmother of Henry VIII and an ancestor to the Tudor rulers. Her maternal grandparents were John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford.  See below for a list of her children and other family members. Wife of the Protector and Claimant to the Crown of England Cecily Nevilles husband was Richard, Duke of York, the heir to King Henry VI and protector of the young king in his minority and later during a bout of insanity. Richard was the descendant of two other sons of Edward III: Lionel of Antwerp and Edmund of Langley. Cecily was first betrothed to Richard when she was nine years old, and they married in 1429 when she was fourteen. Their first child, Anne, was born in 1439. A son who died shortly after birth was followed by the future Edward IV; much later, there were charges that Edward was illegitimate, including accusations by another Richard Neville, the Duke of Warwick, who was also Cecily Nevilles nephew, and by Edwards younger brother, George, Duke of Clarence. Although Edwards birth date and Cecilys husbands absence were timed in a way that raised suspicion, there was no record from the time of Edwards birth either of the birth being premature nor of her husband questioning paternity. Cecily and Richard had five more surviving child ren after Edward. When Henry VIs wife, Margaret of Anjou, gave birth to a son, this son supplanted Richard as the heir to the throne. When Henry recovered his sanity, the Duke of York fought to regain power, with Cecily Nevilles nephew, the Duke of Warwick, one of his strongest allies. Winning at St. Albans in 1455, losing in 1456 (by now to Margaret of Anjou leading the Lancastrian forces), Richard fled to Ireland in 1459 and was declared an outlaw. Cecily with her sons Richard and George were put in the care of Cecilys sister, Anne, the Duchess of Buckingham. Victorious again in 1460, Warwick and his cousin, Edward, Earl of March, the future Edward IV, won at Northampton, taking Henry VI prisoner. Richard, Duke of York, returned to claim the crown for himself. Margaret and Richard compromised, naming Richard protector and heir apparent to the throne. But Margaret continued to fight for the right of succession for her son, winning the battle of Wakefield. In this battle, Richard, Duke of York, was killed. His severed head was crowned with a paper crown. Edmund, the second son of Richard and Cecily, was also caught and killed in that battle. Edward IV In 1461, Cecily and Richards son, Edward, Earl of March, became King Edward IV. Cecily won the rights to her lands and continued to support religious houses and the college at Fotheringhay. Cecily was working with her nephew Warwick to find a wife for Edward IV, suitable for his status as the king. They were negotiating with the French king when Edward revealed that he had secretly married the commoner and widow, Elizabeth Woodville, in 1464. Both Cecily Neville and her brother reacted with anger. In 1469, Cecilys nephew, Warwick, and her son, George, changed sides and supported Henry VI after their initial support of Edward. Warwick married his elder daughter, Isabel Neville, to Cecilys son George, Duke of Clarence, and he married his other daughter, Anne Neville, to Henry VIs son, Edward, Prince of Wales (1470). There is some evidence that Cecily herself helped promote the rumor that began to circulate that Edward was illegitimate and that she promoted her son George as the rightful king. For herself, the Duchess of York used the title queen by right in recognition of her husbands claims to the crown. After Prince Edward was killed in a battle with Edward IVs forces, Warwick married the princes widow, Warwicks daughter Anne Neville, to Cecilys son and Edward IVs brother, Richard, in 1472, though not without opposition by Richards brother, George, who was already married to Annes sister, Isabel. In 1478, Edward sent his brother George to the tower, where he died or was murdered -- according to legend, drowned in a butt of malmsey wine. Cecily Neville left court and had little contact with her son Edward before his death in 1483. After Edwards death, Cecily supported the claim of her son, Richard III, to the crown, nullifying Edwards will and asserting that his sons were illegitimate. These sons, the Princes in the Tower, are generally believed to have been killed by Richard III or one of his supporters, or perhaps during the early part of Henry VIIs reign by Henry or his supporters. When Richard IIIs brief reign ended at Bosworth Field, and Henry VII (Henry Tudor) became king, Cecily retired from public life -- maybe. There is some evidence that she may have encouraged support for an attempt to dethrone Henry VII when Perkin Warbeck claimed to be one of the sons of Edward IV (Princes in the Tower). She died in 1495. Cecily Neville is believed to have owned a copy of The Book of the City of Ladies by Christine de Pizan. Fictional Depiction Shakespeares Duchess of York: Cecily appears in a minor role as the Duchess of York in Shakespeares Richard III. Shakespeare uses the Duchess of York to stress the family losses and agonies involved in the War of the Roses. Shakespeare has compressed the historical timeline and has taken literary license with how events happened and the motivations involved. From Act II, Scene IV, on her husbands death and her sons shifting involvement in the War of the Roses: My husband lost his life to get the crown;And often up and down my sons were tossd,For me to joy and weep their gain and loss:And being seated, and domestic broilsClean over-blown, themselves, the conquerors.Make war upon themselves; blood against blood,Self against self: O, preposterousAnd frantic outrage, end thy damned spleen... Shakespeare has the Duchess understanding early the villainous character Richard is in the play: (Act II, Scene II): He is my son; yea, and therein my shame;Yet from my dugs he drew not this deceit. And quickly after that, receiving news of her son Edwards death so soon after her son Clarences: But death hath snatchd my husband from mine arms,And pluckd two crutches from my feeble limbs,Edward and Clarence. O, what cause have I,Thine being but a moiety of my grief,To overgo thy plaints and drown thy cries! Parents of Cecily Neville: Ralph, Earl of Westmoreland, and his second wife,Joan Beaufort, daughter of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and Katherine Roà «t, known also by her earlier married name as  Katherine Swynford, whom John of Gaunt married after his childrens births. John of Gaunt was a son of Edward III of England. More Family of Cecily Neville Isabel Neville, married to George, Duke of Clarence, son of CecilyAnne Neville, married (or at least formally betrothed to) Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VI, then married to Richard III, also a son of Cecily Children of Cecily Neville: Joan (1438-1438)Anne (1439-1475/76)Henry (1440/41-1450)Edward (King Edward IV of England) (1442-1483) - married Elizabeth WoodvilleEdmund (1443-1460)Elizabeth (1444-1502)Margaret (1445-1503) - married Charles, Duke of BurgundyWilliam (1447-1455?)John (1448-1455?)George (1449-1477/78) - married Isabel NevilleThomas (1450/51-1460?)Richard (King  Richard III of England) (1452-1485) - married  Anne NevilleUrsula (1454?-1460?)

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats, And Trends

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats, and Trends Strengths Characters such as Mickey Mouse, Goofy, Donald Duck, Ariel, bring in a lot of the Walt Disney Company’s revenue and are the foundation as to why the company is so successful. It is said without these characters, Disney couldn’t survive on it’s own. Values Disney possesses a high moral value and ethnic code. Their movies are made for kids and young adults and they haven’t ever stepped out of that boundary. Most of Disney’s â€Å"G† or â€Å"PG† rated content teaches valuable lessons to kids which can also be learned by that of adults. Flourishing business Disney has several venues in which draws high amounts of annual revenue. They include, theme parks, television, clothing line, media, and merchandise based on it’s characters. World Class Service Guest from all over the world have know Disney for it’s world class service from resorts, theme parks, or Disney merchandise stores. As a result of their service, repeat visits from customers in every arena are very common. Weaknesses Lack of online experience Staying online is preferred over the real world. Disney has failed to deliver an online experience to the general public where one can step into the life as a Disney Character in the first person. Limited target audience The Disney Company releases products and entertainment limited to just children. By doing this, Disney heavily relies on the audience of children to bring in revenue. The Company needs to diversifyShow MoreRelatedSWOT Analysis of Roland Beer Company1383 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Roland Beer Company Name Institution Date Roland Beer Company Analyze at least seven of the forces and trends External forces Legal and regulatory Strengths Opportunities Roland Beer Company has an established set of legal regulations that govern production. 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Organizational Management for Dynamic Fit- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Management for Dynamic Fit and Contracts. Answer: In the highly competitive business world of today, the importance of effective management of employees in an organization can never be overstated. It should be noted that the as organizations operate amidst cut-throat competition, with too many competitors dominating the market, effective management and efficient administration can only ensure organizational success. Even after the end of World War II, the concept of managerial formalism was dominating theories of management science. While management theories such as Frederick Taylors theory of scientific management, tried to emphasize the importance of offering frequent breaks to the employees for enhancing employee productivity, Webers management theory of bureaucracy believed that governmental administration of staffs at organizations can ensure the most effective management practice at workplace. However, although traditional theories as proposed by the classical theorists have discussed about a singular approach of organizationa l management, the classical management theories soon got rejected by in the later decades, with the emergence of the new Contingency Theory, as proposed By William Richard Scott (Wheelen and Hunger 2017). The purpose of the essays is to critically analyse the management theories and establish the fact that there is no one best way to manage. There is no best way for managing employees at workplace. Especially, in the changed business scenario of today, different organizations have different demands and thus the same leadership style will prove to be ineffective in satisfying the various organizational requirements. The development level of the employees can also determine the management style of the leader. For instance, if a specific organization primarily comprises of highly experienced employees who have served in similar industry for more than 5 years, the manager of the company may not need to ensure a very tight supervision of employee activities (Ven et al. 2013).ven though the employees may not be left at their discretion, they can still be provided some form of autonomy at workplace. On the other hand, in case an organization comprises primarily of new employees, who have relatively less experience in the organizational activities, degree of managerial supervision is also bound to increase. Thus, it is clearly e vident that the question of management of employees in an organization will largely rely on the circumstances, which may include factors such as the size of the organization, nature of its operation or the competence level of its employees. The pioneers of contingency theory of organizational management have rightly pointed out that there can never be any singular approach in organizational management, and that the optimal course of action in organizational management is always dependent upon the internal and external situation of the organization (Granlund and Lukka 2017). Besides, the location of an organization and the cultural orientation of the employees may also play an important role in determining the management style followed by the leaders. For instance, countries in the Asian continent, may be more inclined to have a hierarchically structured organization, where the leader may have to take up the role of an autocratic leader, while countries like Australia prefer flexible working environment and hence the leaders may have to take up a democratic management style. The contingency theory as developed by John Woodward, has rightly pointed out that there can never be one leadership style to be followed in an organization, simply because there are various contingency factors, on which the organizational management of the companies depend. There can be various contingency factors such as technology, government, consumers, nature of competition and others that can determine the organizational management style adopted by a company. The kind of task or the nature of environment of the company will determine the nature of management practice at organization (Mikes and Kaplan 2013). Amongst the external factors, the most important factor is the location of the organization, and the cultural orientation of its employees. China enjoys a collectivist culture, where exchange of business opinions, and sharing of ideas, play an important role in the management of organization. Hence, if an organization is operating in China, its leaders must be able to embrac e a mixture of autocratic and bureaucratic management style. On the other hand, countries like Norway have low-context culture, and hence the employees overlook the importance of informal conversation, too much managerial intervention or irrelevant messages in between work. Accordingly, the adoption of a democratic leadership style in Norwegian organizations is considered to be the most suitable. Again, at the same time, in order to substantiate the argument that the management practice is subject to change as per circumstances, one must also remember that the proficiency of the employees and their competence level will also determine the organizational practice. The employees also experience professional development over a period of time, and hence depending on the professional development of the employees, the management style will depend. For instance, an employee may be an enthusiastic beginner in which case he is still a learning novice, a disillusioned learner who is still unconfident about his professional competence, the cautious performer who will work best under sufficient manager and a self-reliant employee who can work independently. Now, the management style to be adopted in dealing with a self-reliant employee will never be the same as the management style to be adopted for handing a less experienced employee who is an enthusiastic beginner (Sharma 2017). Hence, the managers need to improvise the management style and approach as per the needs of the people, he is working with. The effective leaders are well-aware of the fact that there is and there can be no singular management practice in a market that is so dynamic and diverse. It is clearly evident from the above argument, that a manager may have to adopt different management style, while handling different employees in the very same organization. There are various management styles that can be adopted by the manager of an organization and the choice of a style will be solely dependent on the internal situation of the organization or nature of its employees. According to McBer, there are six distinct forms of management style- Directive , Authoritative, Affiliative, Participative , Pacesetting and Coaching style. Yet the adoption of a distinct style will vary according to the nature of the organization and skill of its employees or the organizational structure of the company. An authoritative leader is entrusted with the duty of supervising the performance of the employees, and guiding them n completion of the tasks. This form of leadership can be deemed best in companies where the employees require a clear direction, and most of the employees cannot work independently. In a press company, the journalists may be able to work independently and might not be comfortable with too much intervention from the Editor, and hence this f orm of leadership style will not be recommended for a publishing company (Burton et al. 2016). Again, the Participative style of leadership is a management style where the manager beside supervising the performance of the employees, offers them adequate autonomy to work independently. Although this form of leadership style can be regarded as the desirable leadership practice, its implementation in a Business Process Outsourcing company is inadequate. This is because, in the BPO organizations, the employees need to have proper coordination amongst them, and absence of proper supervision can be disadvantageous. At times, the manager may need to embrace the role of a coach, who need to groom and enhance the professional skills of his employees, and yet at other times, he may have to assume the role of a democratic leader, who will have to supervise employee performance, while also allowing employee independence. A company is considered to be commercially successful only when the functi on and its form of leadership are in accordance with each other. Technology, in fact, plays an important role in determining the management practice in an organization. In case, an organization is largely dependent on the use of technology, the management function and job role is bound to differ. In fact, there will be increased responsibility on management which in turn will lead to added managerial emphasis on planning, decision making, control, as well as coordination within the company. These kind of tech-reliant companies will always rely on computer-based management science techniques which in turn will require a higher intellectual capability of managers. This will produce additional strain on managers as well as employees, and the managers in order to ensure overall organizational productivity, will have to assume the role of an active, even autocratic leader. Some of the most eminent authors and critics such as Urwick and Spender have emphatically stated that there can be no one way of managing employees in an organization. Organizational management refers to a set of management practices aimed at managing the employees, in organizations, and the practices are bound to vary according to a variety of factors, such as level of competition in the market, skill and competence of employees, nature of operation in the organization and others. The manager will require modifying and reinventing new management style, in order to suit the purpose. Reference List: Burton, R.M., Obel, B. and Hkonsson, D.D., 2016. 1 Contingency Theory, Dynamic Fit, and Contracts.Advancing Organizational Theory in a Complex World: Advancing Research in a Complex World, p.1. Granlund, M. and Lukka, K., 2017. Investigating highly established research paradigms: Reviving contextuality in contingency theory based management accounting research.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,45, pp.63-80. Mikes, A. and Kaplan, R., 2013. Managing Risks: Toward a Contingency Theory of Enterprise Risk Management.Management Accouting Research. Sharma, A., 2017. A Study on the effect of Performance Management and its effect on Organizational Effectiveness with special reference Third sector organizations using System Dynamics: A Contingency theory approach.Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences,8(2), pp.109-115. Van de Ven, A.H., Ganco, M. and Hinings, C.B., 2013. Returning to the frontier of contingency theory of organizational and institutional designs.Academy of Management Annals,7(1), pp.393-440. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. pearson.

Allied Appeasement of Hitler at Munich free essay sample

Analyzes historical, political military causes effects of surrender of western Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland) by Britain and France to Hitlers Germany in 1938. In the history of the Second World War, Munich is a name that carries powerful connotations. It was in Munich that Adolf Hitler launched the abortive Beer-Hall Putscht, his abortive first attempt at power. A decade and a half later, in September of 1938, Hitler had been in power for six years, and Munich became the site of even a more powerfully symbolic event. Here, the Western allied powers faced their last potential decision point short of the one which would confront them with the invasion of Poland a year later. Hitler demanded the right to occupy the Sudetenland, a region of western Czechoslovakia that had a largely German-speaking population. The Czechs were prepared to resist, but despite a fairly powerful army they lacked the means to do so entirely alone. We will write a custom essay sample on Allied Appeasement of Hitler at Munich or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The question was whether the Western Allies..

Free Essays on Color Theory

The Color of the West In the Cowboy Artist Museum in Kerrville, Texas, artist Bob Pummil has a series entitled, â€Å"Under the Western Skies,† being displayed in the main showroom. Pummil, a great landscape artist, uses the historic western civilization movement to provide the subject material in his pieces for the series. In the 1985 eighteen by twenty-four oil painting, â€Å"Sound of the Bell,† Pummil makes use of different color combinations. The subject matter is a hilly, mountainous landscape with a cowboy driving a herd of cattle. In the foreground Pummil focuses on a single cow with a yellow bell around its neck. The uses of color in this painting are cool and complimentary. Much of the landscape are various shades of blues and greens to depict the sky, hills, and grass. The cattle are varying shades of white and brownish tints. One thing that stands out and grabs the eye is the rich, warm yellow bell around the cow’s neck and the long yellow raincoat of the cowboy. The yellow stands out so much because the majority of the landscape consists of the complete opposite color. Also, an effect of reverse contrast can be see. Usually, the foreground is painted lighter and the background is painting darker to give the effect of distance. But here it is reversed. The mist of the hills and distant objects are tinted more white, while the closer objects are deeper, more saturated colors.... Free Essays on Color Theory Free Essays on Color Theory The Color of the West In the Cowboy Artist Museum in Kerrville, Texas, artist Bob Pummil has a series entitled, â€Å"Under the Western Skies,† being displayed in the main showroom. Pummil, a great landscape artist, uses the historic western civilization movement to provide the subject material in his pieces for the series. In the 1985 eighteen by twenty-four oil painting, â€Å"Sound of the Bell,† Pummil makes use of different color combinations. The subject matter is a hilly, mountainous landscape with a cowboy driving a herd of cattle. In the foreground Pummil focuses on a single cow with a yellow bell around its neck. The uses of color in this painting are cool and complimentary. Much of the landscape are various shades of blues and greens to depict the sky, hills, and grass. The cattle are varying shades of white and brownish tints. One thing that stands out and grabs the eye is the rich, warm yellow bell around the cow’s neck and the long yellow raincoat of the cowboy. The yellow stands out so much because the majority of the landscape consists of the complete opposite color. Also, an effect of reverse contrast can be see. Usually, the foreground is painted lighter and the background is painting darker to give the effect of distance. But here it is reversed. The mist of the hills and distant objects are tinted more white, while the closer objects are deeper, more saturated colors....

Everyman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Everyman - Essay Example cularly reflected at the beginning of the text when God laments that the attention of human beings has been turned away from what they should pay attention to. â€Å"I perceive, here in my majesty/How that all creatures be to me unkind/Living without dread in worldly prosperity./Drowned in sin, they know me not for their God† (Donaldson 2121)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is an irony that the material wealth, which God said has come between him and his creatures, is not able to buy salvation for Everyman. Material wealth is also unable to win his friends over to his side even to the point of death. Of course, he must have affected the lives of fellowship, kindred, cousin, material goods and knowledge who all neglect him when he needs them the most. In spite of the fact that â€Å"money maketh all right that is wrong† (Donaldson 2131), Material Goods is unable to buy everyman salvation. Only good deed stays with him. Hence, the impression one gets is that the best money can do for any individual is to enable them make friends that will not stay during their time of trials and tribulations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, it is not the case that material wealth is depicted in no good light in the text because the reader, through the character of Everyman, is made to realize that Knowledge about what to do and what not to do will help one from making the kind of mistake that almost leads to the doom of the eponymous character. When one gets knowledge, others like discretion, strength, his five wits, and beauty will come.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the end of the entire play, despite the fact that Everyman could have been followed by others, only Good Deeds follow him into the heavenly expanse. The bottom-line that is presented in the Morality Play, â€Å"Everyman†, is that all things might desert one (even wealth), only good deed will remain. Therefore, humans are encouraged not to give premium to material wealth over and above good deeds. This is despite the fact that

Innovation is the HVAC field - Thermoelectric cooling components Research Paper

Innovation is the HVAC field - Thermoelectric cooling components - Research Paper Example The technology has since been used to cool temperatures of devices by creating heat sinks for different electronic materials. The most recent applications of this type of technology are the â€Å"wristify† cooling system invented by four MIT students. The â€Å"wristify† is used for maintaining the body temperature at a personal level. This they managed through the use of two different conductors and a very small battery. In order for the cooling to take place, the then a DC current is applied so as to initiate the movement of electrons. The efficiency in thermo-electric cooling, depends on materials be selected keenly. Many thermo-electric coolers made today are from an alloy of Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3). Thermo-electric cooling poses very advantages like lack of mechanical maintenance and ability to be used in very small places. The technology has a place in the future since there is a possible use of the technology in marine engineering of submarines, night vision a nd many more others. Prototype wearable 'air-conditioning' device According to fox news, In the MIT, four engineering students have been able to develop a wrist worn body cooling device that is based upon the Peltier Effect and theory. The device code named wristify employs a series of two different conductors that are referred to as the Peltier cooler. The device is powered a very small battery and then attached to a wrist wrap so as to hold it in place. For the device to reduce the body temperature, it starts by reducing the wrist temperature in degree fractions every second for a specified time period. However, the students have not arrived at the correct time calculations, but they say that a reasonable cooling effect is achieved when the wrist is cooled by 0.4 degrees Celsius for five seconds. After this session, the device goes off for 10 seconds and maintains the interval. However, the four students are still on the process of calculating for optimal timings so as to perfect the device. The Wristify is one of the major breakthrough in human attempt to thermo-electric cooling (Balmer, 2011). With this device, a different person will be able to customize their own temperature ranges without affecting others. This is an aspect that many will appreciate. This rate of success is a sign that with the rise in advance technology and availability of resources, thermo-electric cooling can be utilized in areas that people had never imagined before. Thermo-electric cooling Definition Thermo-electric cooling refers to an application of the Peltier Effect to create a difference in temperature between two materials of different type. A thermo-electric cooler is usually a solid stated active that is able to transfer heat from one side of a device to the other. This is possible based on the following physical theories. First, when two different conductors are under electric contact, there is an electron flow out of the conductor that is less bound into the other conductor in which electrons are more. This is possible because of the dif ference in Fermi level between the two devices used as conductors. The Fermi level shows the difference in energy levels that are contained in different conductors occupied by electrons, and those that are not occupied. Therefore, when two conductors of different Fermi levels. This can be easily compared to diffusion in which molecules move from an area of high concentration to that of low concentration. How it works In order for the cooling to take

Compulsory Education Essay Example for Free

Compulsory Education Essay There are many forms of research for compulsory education. When I started to dig for Information, I was quite amazed in how far back it actually goes. It may have been a little different then, but the concept behind it were and still are the same. With that, you will see multiple questions that need to be answered. What function does compulsory education serve in the United States, what are the advantages and disadvantages to compulsory education, and how can we make school better for todays young learners? Compulsory education is the attendance required by all students. In reading, michaeladuffy’s research, I understand what he is trying to say in more clarity. How does it affect our children? He states, â€Å"As I continue to ask questions about why we have CE in the United States the answer most often I receive is that it increases literacy. † He brings us back by saying, â€Å"I am often told of the condition of the youth in the eighteenth century where children ran rampant in the streets and committed all sorts of crimes and vandalism. † Is it at this time we started to think about the youth’s education? During those times of hardship they still managed to keep a literacy rate of ninety percent. Through hard work and learning, at the same time, they managed to raise the rate to ninety-eight percent by 1852. By upping the literacy rate, in the United States, we see a great improvement in our children. â€Å"In fact the high literacy rate one hundred years before compulsory education was primarily due to the focus of Bible reading that spread throughout Europe and the new world. Perhaps it was a Biblical interest that accounted for black literacy in the south which was around eighty percent before CE came into effect† (Zhang 29). Michaeladuffy also points out that there are troubling times in our schools to the extent of dropouts and absenteeism. By reading his one paragraph on, â€Å"why children would miss class† (par 4) he lists five reasons they would. It ranges from being an obese child all the way to having poor eyes sight and not wanting to ask question for the fear of being teased. I can see why this is. Children these days will drop out if they are not treated correct. When kids are picked on their insecurity level falls at an all time low. The only option they have left is to not go to school and live with themselves. During my research the answer was never there. It is ones interpretation of the compulsory education and how it serves in the United States. In the early years of a child they continue to have more of independence for learning to develop each of their demands. Decades ago children opted not go to school, but instead work with their families and that is how they survived on such a low income. Compulsory education levels that bar for the unfortunate families who cannot afford it. With compulsory education more people have access to education, now whether they choose to use it is up to them. The one main disadvantage, I think every one might agree with me, is that the government dictates the age for the grade and what the kids are suppose to be doing. In other words they are forced into it. Are children ready for the grade they are in or going to be in? No, they’re probably not. Not one child is the same in learning. In order for our children to be ready for society interaction, activities are needed. How can we make school better for todays young learners? Children’s intellectual growth, in their early years, are constantly growing. Learning new things everyday whether in school or in the social environment. They are more aware of the world they live in through the use of technology. Technology, for children these days, is one of the most important learning tools we have. The child’s learning ability is acquired through countless ways. Some examples may include, but not limited to are; questioning techniques, investigating and interaction with one another. Children are creative and have an eagerness to learn. Emphasizing on their curiosity, their creativeness shows by the use of technology. Providing them with opportunities to use their creative nature we can see a vast improvement in problem solving and thinking of solutions to problems based on their age. Having that teacher to student interaction will vastly help them in the social skills they need to better acquaint themselves with the world they will soon be leaving to. Not one child is alike. By finding what works, the child can receive the proper curriculum. Paul Goodman proposes two countermeasures in this situation. They are good ones at that, but with that said one particular really stuck out amongst the other. By abolishing grading and strictly going on the fact of the teachers knowledge and know how, I believe we can see a great improvement in students’ knowledge. Its because of the grading criteria, we struggle in some subjects. If we drop the grading and base it on experience of life and work, there will be more students eager to learn and striving for that education. Just picture yourself taking a test, you studied day and night for it, but yet you still failed it. Now picture yourself taking the same test with life experience and work experience, it comes to you a little easier. Knowing that the grade you were going to get is not there lingering on your mind. Who do think is going to feel better about themselves after the test is done? Because of the grading system our fear of failing has kicked in. It shows that in life experience over a degree can be beneficial in some areas of expertise. With that being said, I do agree with the two year of maturing before entering school. You never know what experience you will receive in the world. In concluding my research of what functions does compulsory education have in the United States, we see that it is a tricky question. It does have a purpose but its purpose is still unclear to some, including me. We see the advantages outweigh the disadvantages of compulsory education. There are many things we can do to help our young ones to enjoy schooling. From the time of the eighteenth century, we have been striving to educate the younger children and make learning enjoyable. Hartman 5 References: * michaeladuffy. wordpress. com/2012/07/02 Date of access Aug 20 2012 * bestvolunteer. org †º More News †º Other News Date of access Aug 20 2012 * https://www. det. nsw. edu. au/ /Our_young_learners Date of access Aug 20 2012 * http://voices. yahoo. com/our-fundamental-future-eliminating-compulsory-education-5570. html Date of access 22 Aug 2012 8:47pm * Does School Time Matter? On the Impact of Compulsory Education Age on School Dropout Cabus, Sofie J. ; De Witte, Kristof Economics of Education Review, v30 n6 p1384-1398 Dec 2011. 15 pp. ISSN: 0272-7757 Date of access 22 Aug 2012.

Pros and Cons of Computer Technology :: Computers

Pros and Cons of Computer Technology In the last couple of decades, compute technology has expanded enormously and has become part of our daily lives. Many of us use computers at work, school and even at home. We are at the point where we can not return to our old lifestyles because we have accustomed ourselves to an easier way of life through computers. There are many advantages to working with computers as well as disadvantages. The implementation of computers in our society has helped facilitate our lives. Computers can help us create and edit documents very easily and can help us speed up work. It is now easier to communicate and send documents through computers at the push of a button. The Internet and E-mail services are just two examples of many features that computers can offer. There are many benefits that technology can offer but not everyone has the sufficient background or training required. Computer literacy is a demand in today's work force and is mostly affecting the older generation. The older generation is at a disadvantage compared to the younger generation that is already being exposed to computers at school. Computer skills are a major issue and will force the older generation to return to school for training. The older generation will have to live with this drastic change and will be forced to adapt to our technology otherwise they will be left behind. Many people feel that computers have eliminated thousands of jobs. For example, in the "Interview with the Luddite", Kirkpatrick Sale states, "We have an estimated 6 million people who have lost their jobs to automation, or overseas shops, since 1988". Kevin Kelly on the other hand disagrees with Kirkpatrick Sale and states, " It's leading them to study coputers and to learn how to get a job with computers". "The number of jobs created by computers and technology is rally more sizable". I agree with Kevin Kelly on the fact that computers and technology has generated just as many and even more jobs to our society than it has eliminated. I feel that computers do not mean that jobs will be eliminated because we still need people to run these machines but that people need to be trained in a different skill. For example, many years ago the Engineering Industry use to develop blue print projects by hand. Today Engineers use different types of computer software such as Cad Key, Auto Cad, an d Micro Station which require cmputer training in the specific software.

Psychology and Behavior

1. Abstract The research area is classroom management, and specifically dealing with student’s behavior problems in a real classroom situation. It is universally recognized that the teacher is the key person in an education system and a well-managed classroom can provide an exciting and dynamic learning experience for everyone involved. The main objective of the research is to identify approaches for managing student behavior in order to apply valuable ways to achieve effective and positive classroom management.The present research was cross-sectional, and researcher used this type of research because it can be both qualitative and quantitative. Researcher hence endeavors to collect information from a smaller group or subset of the population in such a way that knowledge gained is representative of total population of the study. 2. Introduction Statement of the research is â€Å"Student Behavior Problems† The present research was cross-sectional as the researcher focuse d on one particular point. The major advantage of cross-sectional research is that data can be collected from different type of people in a short time period.The researcher used this type of research because it can be both qualitative and quantitative. The Researcher used non-probability sampling for this study. The sampling framework which suited the research was convenience sampling. The researcher used the questionnaire survey and classroom observation as research tool. 2. 1. Research Problem How should a teacher deals with students’ behavior problems in a practical classroom situation? 2. 2. Sampling Detail When defining the population upon which the research is to be focused, the researcher must take sampling decisions in the overall planning of the research.Due to the factors of expense, time and accessibility it may not be possible or practical to obtain measures from a population. Researchers, hence endeavor to collect information from a smaller group or subset of the population in such a way that knowledge gained is representative of total population of the study. The Researcher used non-probability sampling for this study. The sampling framework which suited the research was convenience sampling. It involves the nearest convenient individuals to serve as respondents and continuing the process until the required sample size has been obtained.Non-probability sampling is best suited for a small scale survey. It’s far less complicated to set up, less expensive and adequate if researchers don’t intend to generalize the findings beyond the sample in question. The researcher visited 5 English medium schools for questionnaire survey and classroom observation, which were located in urban area of Lahore city. All the schools were private and all girls’ institutions. The researcher observed the students of Grade 7th in the real classroom situation and tried to assess the ways teachers can control/minimize misbehavior in their classro oms.The total number of sample population was 60 students. Age of the students was 12-13 years old. Next chapter talks about the literature review. 3. Literature Review 3. 1. What Is Classroom Management? Classroom management is a term used by teachers to describe the process of ensuring that classroom lessons run smoothly despite disruptive behavior by students. The term also implies the prevention of disruptive behavior. It is possibly the most difficult aspect of teaching for many teachers and indeed experiencing problems in this area causes some to leave teaching altogether. Canter. 1997) Teachers feel overwhelmed and â€Å"powerless† in dealing with behavior problems in their classrooms. Canter (1997) pointed out that in the past, a simple stem look or warning was sufficient to shape up a classroom. â€Å"Misbehavior,† as Doyle contends, â€Å"is any action by one or more students that threatens to disrupt the activity flow or pull the class toward a program of a ction that threatens the safety of the group or violates norm of appropriate classroom behavior held by the teacher, the students, or the school's staff† (Doyle, 1986; p. 396). 3. . The Emphasis in Classroom Management 3. 3. Influences on Classroom Management: According to Emmer and Stough (2001), some studies have used student achievement or attitude as outcomes. But most classroom management research today has been concerned with identifying how teachers bring about student engagement with each other and limit the disruptions in the classroom. The following account will summarize the work of some important behavior theorists and in turn will identify the influences that each has made on classroom behavior and management. 3. 3. 1.Burrhus Frederick Skinner Burrhus Frederick Skinner's philosophies can be related to the issue of classroom management. Skinner (Sprinthall, 1981) emphasized his research on how the organism learns, regardless of its inherited potential, regardless o f its stage of physical or psychological development, and often regardless of its species. In regards to the classroom, Skinner (Conte, 1994) stated that by rewarding students for good behavior and ignoring or punishing wrong behavior, students would come to understand how to behave in a classroom environment. . 3. 2. William Glasser Glasser's Reality Therapy (Emmer and Stough, 2001) stressed the use of choice as the cause of behavior, good or bad, and thus instructed teachers to direct students towards making value judgments about their behavior. By making value judgments, students would come to realize the importance of â€Å"good† choices in behavior and continue to make them again in the future. Therefore, students were taught the difference between a â€Å"good judgment†, and a â€Å"bad judgment.In today's classrooms, rewards are given for â€Å"good choices† and consequences are given for â€Å"bad choices†. This process t is used to promote good behavior and diminish bad behavior in the classroom. 3. 3. 3. Jacob Kounin Jacob Kounin and his colleagues engaged in substantial classroom management research. His work focused on determining whether specific behavior settings and environmental conditions influenced behavior. He also identified a set of teacher behaviors and lesson characteristics, including, wittiness, smoothness, momentum, overlapping and group alerting.These characteristics would describe a teacher who knew what was going on at all times in the classroom and was able to deal with more than one issue or problem at a time. Kounin (Conte, 1994) thought teachers who could be that â€Å"aware† would be better managers of children in the classroom. 3. 3. 4. Abraham H. Maslow Maslow's research on hierarchy of needs has also influenced effective classroom management. Helping students meet their own needs is of the utmost importance to enhance student learning opportunities and to maintain teacher longevity in the classroom.Maslow (as cited in Sprinthall, 1981, p. 327) an important psychologist in the area of motivation theory, has suggested that there is a definite order in which individuals attempt to satisfy their needs. Maslow had declared there is an â€Å"order-of-importance† that is universal among all humans. Herbert Grossman (Gordon, 2001) recaps students' basic needs and the order which those needs must be met to produce well balanced members of society. 3. 4. Role of Teacher as Classroom Manager:According to Honeyford (1982) a major limiting factor in any classroom is the teacher; not only do his character, personality and competence play a large part in determining the atmosphere of the lesson, the sort of relationships which exist, the styles of communication and the rules and regulations governing the formalities, but the teacher also performs a key role in influencing the pupils’ view of himself and the sort of progress he/she makes. Successful classroom manageme nt has been defined as producing a high rate of work involvement with a low rate of deviancy in academic settings (Laslett and Smith, 1984).Well-managed classrooms did not result from magic, but that carefully established and maintained procedures should be at work (Sadker and Sadker, 1997). 3. 4. 1. Time management skill Academic learning time in the classroom has emerged as an important variable. Studies have shown that the amount of on-task behavior can vary as much as 40 percent from one classroom to the next. Even how quickly a teacher calls the class to order can vary all the way from one to ten minutes. Thus, how fficiently you have your lessons, how long you take to get started, how you handle digressions, off-task behavior, discipline and how you handle transitions will have an effect on student learning(Walberg,1988). 3. 4. 2. Seating arrangement Arrangements of space and furniture in ways that bunch students together or obstruct the teacher’s view make it more diff icult for a teacher to detect behavior task initiations early (Duke and Rehage, 1979). Seating arrangement must depend on the type of lesson to be taught, and the type of classroom furniture.Proper arrangement of furniture also contributes to the functionality of classrooms. Furniture is arranged so that students are oriented to the primary source or sources of information (e. g. , the teacher, audio-visual materials), while at the same time having access to other sources of activities (e. g. , work areas, computers) without disturbing in the classroom (Nitsaisook and Anderson, 1989). According to Anderson (1991) desks, chairs and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways; light and temperature can be increased or decreased. 3. 4. 3. Discipline in the classroomCallahan (1996) asserts that the best classroom environment is one that results in efficient learning. Discipline involves employing guidance and teaching techniques to encourage students to become self directive and thus to create an atmosphere conducive to learning. A teacher establishes classroom rules either with his or her students or before the school year begins. Rules are best if they are few in number, simple and easy to understand, and fair. Also rules should be posted in the classroom for all to see, and the teacher should go over the rules on the first day of school. 3. 4. 4.Dealing with disruptive students In order to handle misbehaving student, the following suggestions may prove helpful: †¢Deal with the present, current problem immediately, not with the past instances of the student misbehavior. †¢Talk to the student directly, instead of talking about him with others. †¢Don’t be harsh and provoked. Stay calm and address firmly. Anger, empty threats and physical handling must be avoided. †¢If the student’s misbehavior is impeding the teacher in teaching, â€Å"1statements† be used by explaining to the student why you are upset by his behavior. 3. 4 . 5. Exhibit Assertive BehaviorAssertive behavior differs significantly from both passive behavior and aggressive behavior. This researcher Emmer elaborates that teacher’s display assertive behavior in the classroom when they: †¢Use assertive body language by maintaining an erect posture, facing the offending student but keeping enough distance so as not to appear threatening and matching the facial expression with the content of the message being presented to students. †¢Use an appropriate tone of voice, speaking clearly and deliberately in a pitch that is slightly but not greatly elevated from normal classroom speech, avoiding any display of emotions in the voice. Persist until students respond with the appropriate behavior. Do not ignore an inappropriate behavior; do not be diverted by a student denying, arguing, or blaming, but listen to legitimate explanations. 3. 5. Addressing Problematic Student Behavior Reports of problematic behaviors are on the rise nation ally in Pakistan, not only in the classroom but in society at large (Kowalski, 2003). Some of these immature, irritating, or thoughtless behaviors or â€Å"classroom incivilities† include: †¢Lateness or leaving early †¢Side conversations †¢Disregard for deadlines Grade grubbing †¢Sniping remarks †¢Cheating These behaviors are not just instructors’ pet peeves; they have real costs including: †¢Distracting other students and instructor in class †¢Reducing student participation †¢Lowering other students' and instructor’s motivation in or out of class †¢Affecting fairness in grading †¢Using instructor time unproductively †¢Feeling disrespected as a fellow learner or authority figure 3. 6. Possible Causes: In order to limit or deal effectively with these behaviors, it is important to understand the factors that cause or facilitate them. . 6. 1. Attention Dreikurs believed that most students start misbehaving by s eeking attention, and when this fails, they move on to more problematic goal-seeking behaviors, such as power. 3. 6. 2. Power Some students don't hesitate to take a stand on matters important to them and are often disruptive and confrontational in reaching their goal. 3. 6. 3. Revenge Some students compensate for real or imagined hurt feelings and they target teacher or students for revenge. Revenge may come in the form of a physical and/or psychological attack. 3. 6. . Avoidance of Failure Wanting to avoid repeated failure, some students appear to be discouraged and helpless. This phenomenon, described as â€Å"learned helplessness† by psychologists, is characteristic of students who fail needlessly because they do not invest their best efforts. `3. 7. Possible Strategies: Sorcinelli (2002) suggests 4 principles to reduce incivilities. The principles are broad and so each one can be used to generate several concrete strategies. 3. 7. 1. Define expectations at the outset. â⠂¬ ¢Make good use of the first day of class.Use the first day to create the right climate for productive interaction. †¢Allow student participation in setting ground rules. Having students participate in setting the rules for classroom behavior and interaction 3. 7. 2. Decrease anonymity †¢Engage students one-on-one. Use the time right before and after class to make small talk with students. Ask about the weekend, or the homework, or common interests. †¢Learn and use names consistently and let students know that you are trying to memorize their names in the first weeks. 3. 7. 3. Encourage active learning.Meaningful engagement has obvious benefits for student learning and performance, but it can also bring some side benefits with respect to student behavior in the classroom. In fact, Sorcinelli (1991) points out that in classes that use active learning effectively, students †¢Feel more responsible for coming to class, and coming prepared †¢Pay more attention in class †¢Feel more responsible for their learning. The next chapter deals with research methodology. 4. Research Methodology In this chapter of research methodology, researcher has talked about the main research questions, research instruments and procedure. . 1. Research Questions: The present study focused on the following two questions: 4. 1. 1. How can the teacher maintain positive student behavior in the classrooms? 4. 1. 2. How far do the classroom rules have a significant effect on student’s behavior? 4. 2. Participants When defining the population upon which the research is to be focused, the researcher must take sampling decisions in the overall planning of the research. Due to the factors of expense, time and accessibility it may not be possible or practical to obtain measures from a population.Researchers, hence endeavor to collect information from a smaller group or subset of the population in such a way that knowledge gained is representative of total popu lation of the study. The Researcher used non-probability sampling for this study. The sampling framework which suited the research was convenience sampling. It involves the nearest convenient individuals to serve as respondents and continuing the process until the required sample size has been obtained. Non-probability sampling is best suited for a small scale survey.It’s far less complicated to set up, less expensive and adequate if researchers don’t intend to generalize the findings beyond the sample in question. The researcher visited 5 English medium schools for questionnaire survey and classroom observation, which were located in urban area of Lahore city. All the schools were private and all girls’ institutions. The researcher observed the students of Grade 7th in the real classroom situation and tried to assess the ways teachers can control/minimize misbehavior in their classrooms. The total number of sample population was 60 students.Age of the students was 12-13 years old. 4. 3. Research Instruments: The researcher used two tools. 4. 3. 1. Questionnaire Survey Questionnaires were used by the researcher to obtain the required data. It was an easier way to get relevant data from a large population. The researcher distributed questionnaires among 30 teachers and asked them to fill in their responses. The questionnaire was piloted before it was given to the participants. The questionnaires were administered to middle school teachers and the responds were examined. In this way data was collected from English medium schools of Lahore.Questionnaire contain 20 questions, among them 15 questions are close ended and 5 questions are open ended. Questionnaires can provide quantitative data using closed (or fixed-response) questions, where the respondent is presented with a number of alternative responses to a question and asked to mark the one that they feel is most appropriate. Researcher has used licked scale for this, which include five op tions such as strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree. Closed questions have been criticised for forcing people to choose their answer from the alternatives provided rather than answering in their own words.Qualitative data can be gathered using open (or free-response) questions to which respondents are asked to write their own answer 4. 3. 2. Classroom Observation Classroom Observation was undertaken in order to get a proper insight into the problem being explored. The researcher undertook four classroom observations that are widely used to measure changes in classroom behaviors. Classroom observation is confidential and it is an objective recording of what the instructor is doing and saying, what the students are doing and saying and interactions between the instructor and students.The researcher visited 5 different schools, and observed the students of Grade 7th in the real classroom situation. Classroom observation as a research and evaluation method can p rovide reliable and valid data on how teachers and students behave in the classroom before and after an intervention. It will explain the criteria for selecting an appropriate classroom observation protocol and examine under what circumstances classroom observation protocols can be used effectively.In the context of the current study special emphasis was placed on the use of classroom observation to examine how the teacher dealt with problematic students in the real classroom situation. 4. 4. Pilot Testing Both the research instruments, questionnaire and classroom observation was piloted before it was given to the participants. 4. 5. Ethical Considerations The information provided by the participants should remain confidential. For this purpose of confidentiality, informed consent form was signed by all the participants before the study was started. 4. 6. ProcedureThe researcher distributed questionnaires among 30 teachers and asked them to fill in their responses. The questionnaire s were administered to middle school teachers and the responds were examined. In this way data was collected from English medium schools of Lahore. Researcher distributed questionnaire among participants and collect the filled questionnaires from them next day. Researchers left the questionnaires with the participants and give them time of one day, so that they can have enough time to fill them. 5. Analysis For the coding of data, researcher runs spss. . Conclusion The effective use of behavioral and cognitive strategies in the classroom may appear daunting even to experienced teachers. The purpose of this research was to determine which management techniques and practices were most effective in the classroom in controlling student behavior, based upon critical analysis of the research literature. The aim of the research was to enable students to develop the knowledge, skills and attitudes about classroom management and the objective was to identify approaches for managing student b ehavior.However, changing your behavior and strategies is often the most efficient and effective means of improving all types of classroom behaviors, both disruptive and non-disruptive. So is has been concluded after the research that teachers first need to understand these problems regarding students behavior and then try to find solutions by seeing the world through the eyes of their students. And then developing and using a set of intervention strategies on a regular basis, problems of emotions and behavior can be effectively managed and changed in the classroom. Psychology and Behavior 1. Abstract The research area is classroom management, and specifically dealing with student’s behavior problems in a real classroom situation. It is universally recognized that the teacher is the key person in an education system and a well-managed classroom can provide an exciting and dynamic learning experience for everyone involved. The main objective of the research is to identify approaches for managing student behavior in order to apply valuable ways to achieve effective and positive classroom management.The present research was cross-sectional, and researcher used this type of research because it can be both qualitative and quantitative. Researcher hence endeavors to collect information from a smaller group or subset of the population in such a way that knowledge gained is representative of total population of the study. 2. Introduction Statement of the research is â€Å"Student Behavior Problems† The present research was cross-sectional as the researcher focuse d on one particular point. The major advantage of cross-sectional research is that data can be collected from different type of people in a short time period.The researcher used this type of research because it can be both qualitative and quantitative. The Researcher used non-probability sampling for this study. The sampling framework which suited the research was convenience sampling. The researcher used the questionnaire survey and classroom observation as research tool. 2. 1. Research Problem How should a teacher deals with students’ behavior problems in a practical classroom situation? 2. 2. Sampling Detail When defining the population upon which the research is to be focused, the researcher must take sampling decisions in the overall planning of the research.Due to the factors of expense, time and accessibility it may not be possible or practical to obtain measures from a population. Researchers, hence endeavor to collect information from a smaller group or subset of the population in such a way that knowledge gained is representative of total population of the study. The Researcher used non-probability sampling for this study. The sampling framework which suited the research was convenience sampling. It involves the nearest convenient individuals to serve as respondents and continuing the process until the required sample size has been obtained.Non-probability sampling is best suited for a small scale survey. It’s far less complicated to set up, less expensive and adequate if researchers don’t intend to generalize the findings beyond the sample in question. The researcher visited 5 English medium schools for questionnaire survey and classroom observation, which were located in urban area of Lahore city. All the schools were private and all girls’ institutions. The researcher observed the students of Grade 7th in the real classroom situation and tried to assess the ways teachers can control/minimize misbehavior in their classro oms.The total number of sample population was 60 students. Age of the students was 12-13 years old. Next chapter talks about the literature review. 3. Literature Review 3. 1. What Is Classroom Management? Classroom management is a term used by teachers to describe the process of ensuring that classroom lessons run smoothly despite disruptive behavior by students. The term also implies the prevention of disruptive behavior. It is possibly the most difficult aspect of teaching for many teachers and indeed experiencing problems in this area causes some to leave teaching altogether. Canter. 1997) Teachers feel overwhelmed and â€Å"powerless† in dealing with behavior problems in their classrooms. Canter (1997) pointed out that in the past, a simple stem look or warning was sufficient to shape up a classroom. â€Å"Misbehavior,† as Doyle contends, â€Å"is any action by one or more students that threatens to disrupt the activity flow or pull the class toward a program of a ction that threatens the safety of the group or violates norm of appropriate classroom behavior held by the teacher, the students, or the school's staff† (Doyle, 1986; p. 396). 3. . The Emphasis in Classroom Management 3. 3. Influences on Classroom Management: According to Emmer and Stough (2001), some studies have used student achievement or attitude as outcomes. But most classroom management research today has been concerned with identifying how teachers bring about student engagement with each other and limit the disruptions in the classroom. The following account will summarize the work of some important behavior theorists and in turn will identify the influences that each has made on classroom behavior and management. 3. 3. 1.Burrhus Frederick Skinner Burrhus Frederick Skinner's philosophies can be related to the issue of classroom management. Skinner (Sprinthall, 1981) emphasized his research on how the organism learns, regardless of its inherited potential, regardless o f its stage of physical or psychological development, and often regardless of its species. In regards to the classroom, Skinner (Conte, 1994) stated that by rewarding students for good behavior and ignoring or punishing wrong behavior, students would come to understand how to behave in a classroom environment. . 3. 2. William Glasser Glasser's Reality Therapy (Emmer and Stough, 2001) stressed the use of choice as the cause of behavior, good or bad, and thus instructed teachers to direct students towards making value judgments about their behavior. By making value judgments, students would come to realize the importance of â€Å"good† choices in behavior and continue to make them again in the future. Therefore, students were taught the difference between a â€Å"good judgment†, and a â€Å"bad judgment.In today's classrooms, rewards are given for â€Å"good choices† and consequences are given for â€Å"bad choices†. This process t is used to promote good behavior and diminish bad behavior in the classroom. 3. 3. 3. Jacob Kounin Jacob Kounin and his colleagues engaged in substantial classroom management research. His work focused on determining whether specific behavior settings and environmental conditions influenced behavior. He also identified a set of teacher behaviors and lesson characteristics, including, wittiness, smoothness, momentum, overlapping and group alerting.These characteristics would describe a teacher who knew what was going on at all times in the classroom and was able to deal with more than one issue or problem at a time. Kounin (Conte, 1994) thought teachers who could be that â€Å"aware† would be better managers of children in the classroom. 3. 3. 4. Abraham H. Maslow Maslow's research on hierarchy of needs has also influenced effective classroom management. Helping students meet their own needs is of the utmost importance to enhance student learning opportunities and to maintain teacher longevity in the classroom.Maslow (as cited in Sprinthall, 1981, p. 327) an important psychologist in the area of motivation theory, has suggested that there is a definite order in which individuals attempt to satisfy their needs. Maslow had declared there is an â€Å"order-of-importance† that is universal among all humans. Herbert Grossman (Gordon, 2001) recaps students' basic needs and the order which those needs must be met to produce well balanced members of society. 3. 4. Role of Teacher as Classroom Manager:According to Honeyford (1982) a major limiting factor in any classroom is the teacher; not only do his character, personality and competence play a large part in determining the atmosphere of the lesson, the sort of relationships which exist, the styles of communication and the rules and regulations governing the formalities, but the teacher also performs a key role in influencing the pupils’ view of himself and the sort of progress he/she makes. Successful classroom manageme nt has been defined as producing a high rate of work involvement with a low rate of deviancy in academic settings (Laslett and Smith, 1984).Well-managed classrooms did not result from magic, but that carefully established and maintained procedures should be at work (Sadker and Sadker, 1997). 3. 4. 1. Time management skill Academic learning time in the classroom has emerged as an important variable. Studies have shown that the amount of on-task behavior can vary as much as 40 percent from one classroom to the next. Even how quickly a teacher calls the class to order can vary all the way from one to ten minutes. Thus, how fficiently you have your lessons, how long you take to get started, how you handle digressions, off-task behavior, discipline and how you handle transitions will have an effect on student learning(Walberg,1988). 3. 4. 2. Seating arrangement Arrangements of space and furniture in ways that bunch students together or obstruct the teacher’s view make it more diff icult for a teacher to detect behavior task initiations early (Duke and Rehage, 1979). Seating arrangement must depend on the type of lesson to be taught, and the type of classroom furniture.Proper arrangement of furniture also contributes to the functionality of classrooms. Furniture is arranged so that students are oriented to the primary source or sources of information (e. g. , the teacher, audio-visual materials), while at the same time having access to other sources of activities (e. g. , work areas, computers) without disturbing in the classroom (Nitsaisook and Anderson, 1989). According to Anderson (1991) desks, chairs and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways; light and temperature can be increased or decreased. 3. 4. 3. Discipline in the classroomCallahan (1996) asserts that the best classroom environment is one that results in efficient learning. Discipline involves employing guidance and teaching techniques to encourage students to become self directive and thus to create an atmosphere conducive to learning. A teacher establishes classroom rules either with his or her students or before the school year begins. Rules are best if they are few in number, simple and easy to understand, and fair. Also rules should be posted in the classroom for all to see, and the teacher should go over the rules on the first day of school. 3. 4. 4.Dealing with disruptive students In order to handle misbehaving student, the following suggestions may prove helpful: †¢Deal with the present, current problem immediately, not with the past instances of the student misbehavior. †¢Talk to the student directly, instead of talking about him with others. †¢Don’t be harsh and provoked. Stay calm and address firmly. Anger, empty threats and physical handling must be avoided. †¢If the student’s misbehavior is impeding the teacher in teaching, â€Å"1statements† be used by explaining to the student why you are upset by his behavior. 3. 4 . 5. Exhibit Assertive BehaviorAssertive behavior differs significantly from both passive behavior and aggressive behavior. This researcher Emmer elaborates that teacher’s display assertive behavior in the classroom when they: †¢Use assertive body language by maintaining an erect posture, facing the offending student but keeping enough distance so as not to appear threatening and matching the facial expression with the content of the message being presented to students. †¢Use an appropriate tone of voice, speaking clearly and deliberately in a pitch that is slightly but not greatly elevated from normal classroom speech, avoiding any display of emotions in the voice. Persist until students respond with the appropriate behavior. Do not ignore an inappropriate behavior; do not be diverted by a student denying, arguing, or blaming, but listen to legitimate explanations. 3. 5. Addressing Problematic Student Behavior Reports of problematic behaviors are on the rise nation ally in Pakistan, not only in the classroom but in society at large (Kowalski, 2003). Some of these immature, irritating, or thoughtless behaviors or â€Å"classroom incivilities† include: †¢Lateness or leaving early †¢Side conversations †¢Disregard for deadlines Grade grubbing †¢Sniping remarks †¢Cheating These behaviors are not just instructors’ pet peeves; they have real costs including: †¢Distracting other students and instructor in class †¢Reducing student participation †¢Lowering other students' and instructor’s motivation in or out of class †¢Affecting fairness in grading †¢Using instructor time unproductively †¢Feeling disrespected as a fellow learner or authority figure 3. 6. Possible Causes: In order to limit or deal effectively with these behaviors, it is important to understand the factors that cause or facilitate them. . 6. 1. Attention Dreikurs believed that most students start misbehaving by s eeking attention, and when this fails, they move on to more problematic goal-seeking behaviors, such as power. 3. 6. 2. Power Some students don't hesitate to take a stand on matters important to them and are often disruptive and confrontational in reaching their goal. 3. 6. 3. Revenge Some students compensate for real or imagined hurt feelings and they target teacher or students for revenge. Revenge may come in the form of a physical and/or psychological attack. 3. 6. . Avoidance of Failure Wanting to avoid repeated failure, some students appear to be discouraged and helpless. This phenomenon, described as â€Å"learned helplessness† by psychologists, is characteristic of students who fail needlessly because they do not invest their best efforts. `3. 7. Possible Strategies: Sorcinelli (2002) suggests 4 principles to reduce incivilities. The principles are broad and so each one can be used to generate several concrete strategies. 3. 7. 1. Define expectations at the outset. â⠂¬ ¢Make good use of the first day of class.Use the first day to create the right climate for productive interaction. †¢Allow student participation in setting ground rules. Having students participate in setting the rules for classroom behavior and interaction 3. 7. 2. Decrease anonymity †¢Engage students one-on-one. Use the time right before and after class to make small talk with students. Ask about the weekend, or the homework, or common interests. †¢Learn and use names consistently and let students know that you are trying to memorize their names in the first weeks. 3. 7. 3. Encourage active learning.Meaningful engagement has obvious benefits for student learning and performance, but it can also bring some side benefits with respect to student behavior in the classroom. In fact, Sorcinelli (1991) points out that in classes that use active learning effectively, students †¢Feel more responsible for coming to class, and coming prepared †¢Pay more attention in class †¢Feel more responsible for their learning. The next chapter deals with research methodology. 4. Research Methodology In this chapter of research methodology, researcher has talked about the main research questions, research instruments and procedure. . 1. Research Questions: The present study focused on the following two questions: 4. 1. 1. How can the teacher maintain positive student behavior in the classrooms? 4. 1. 2. How far do the classroom rules have a significant effect on student’s behavior? 4. 2. Participants When defining the population upon which the research is to be focused, the researcher must take sampling decisions in the overall planning of the research. Due to the factors of expense, time and accessibility it may not be possible or practical to obtain measures from a population.Researchers, hence endeavor to collect information from a smaller group or subset of the population in such a way that knowledge gained is representative of total popu lation of the study. The Researcher used non-probability sampling for this study. The sampling framework which suited the research was convenience sampling. It involves the nearest convenient individuals to serve as respondents and continuing the process until the required sample size has been obtained. Non-probability sampling is best suited for a small scale survey.It’s far less complicated to set up, less expensive and adequate if researchers don’t intend to generalize the findings beyond the sample in question. The researcher visited 5 English medium schools for questionnaire survey and classroom observation, which were located in urban area of Lahore city. All the schools were private and all girls’ institutions. The researcher observed the students of Grade 7th in the real classroom situation and tried to assess the ways teachers can control/minimize misbehavior in their classrooms. The total number of sample population was 60 students.Age of the students was 12-13 years old. 4. 3. Research Instruments: The researcher used two tools. 4. 3. 1. Questionnaire Survey Questionnaires were used by the researcher to obtain the required data. It was an easier way to get relevant data from a large population. The researcher distributed questionnaires among 30 teachers and asked them to fill in their responses. The questionnaire was piloted before it was given to the participants. The questionnaires were administered to middle school teachers and the responds were examined. In this way data was collected from English medium schools of Lahore.Questionnaire contain 20 questions, among them 15 questions are close ended and 5 questions are open ended. Questionnaires can provide quantitative data using closed (or fixed-response) questions, where the respondent is presented with a number of alternative responses to a question and asked to mark the one that they feel is most appropriate. Researcher has used licked scale for this, which include five op tions such as strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree. Closed questions have been criticised for forcing people to choose their answer from the alternatives provided rather than answering in their own words.Qualitative data can be gathered using open (or free-response) questions to which respondents are asked to write their own answer 4. 3. 2. Classroom Observation Classroom Observation was undertaken in order to get a proper insight into the problem being explored. The researcher undertook four classroom observations that are widely used to measure changes in classroom behaviors. Classroom observation is confidential and it is an objective recording of what the instructor is doing and saying, what the students are doing and saying and interactions between the instructor and students.The researcher visited 5 different schools, and observed the students of Grade 7th in the real classroom situation. Classroom observation as a research and evaluation method can p rovide reliable and valid data on how teachers and students behave in the classroom before and after an intervention. It will explain the criteria for selecting an appropriate classroom observation protocol and examine under what circumstances classroom observation protocols can be used effectively.In the context of the current study special emphasis was placed on the use of classroom observation to examine how the teacher dealt with problematic students in the real classroom situation. 4. 4. Pilot Testing Both the research instruments, questionnaire and classroom observation was piloted before it was given to the participants. 4. 5. Ethical Considerations The information provided by the participants should remain confidential. For this purpose of confidentiality, informed consent form was signed by all the participants before the study was started. 4. 6. ProcedureThe researcher distributed questionnaires among 30 teachers and asked them to fill in their responses. The questionnaire s were administered to middle school teachers and the responds were examined. In this way data was collected from English medium schools of Lahore. Researcher distributed questionnaire among participants and collect the filled questionnaires from them next day. Researchers left the questionnaires with the participants and give them time of one day, so that they can have enough time to fill them. 5. Analysis For the coding of data, researcher runs spss. . Conclusion The effective use of behavioral and cognitive strategies in the classroom may appear daunting even to experienced teachers. The purpose of this research was to determine which management techniques and practices were most effective in the classroom in controlling student behavior, based upon critical analysis of the research literature. The aim of the research was to enable students to develop the knowledge, skills and attitudes about classroom management and the objective was to identify approaches for managing student b ehavior.However, changing your behavior and strategies is often the most efficient and effective means of improving all types of classroom behaviors, both disruptive and non-disruptive. So is has been concluded after the research that teachers first need to understand these problems regarding students behavior and then try to find solutions by seeing the world through the eyes of their students. And then developing and using a set of intervention strategies on a regular basis, problems of emotions and behavior can be effectively managed and changed in the classroom.